Clinical interviews are the cornerstone of diagnosing Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention‑Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Psychiatrists typically conduct in‑depth conversations with parents to gather detailed information about a child’s developmental history, behavioral patterns, and emotional responses. During the consultation, clinicians carefully observe the child’s interaction style, while also evaluating for potential co‑existing conditions such as anxiety or depression.”
Diagnostic Criteria (DSM‑5)
Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM‑5), ASD diagnosis requires:
- Persistent deficits in social communication and interaction – including difficulties in verbal and non‑verbal expression, empathy, and relationship building.
- Restricted and repetitive behaviors or interests – with challenges adapting to change.
Attention‑Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
DSM‑5 criteria for ADHD include:
- Inattention, hyperactivity, or impulsivity appearing before age 12.
- Symptoms lasting at least six months, inconsistent with developmental level.
- Significant impact on social, academic, or daily functioning.
- Symptoms present in two or more settings (e.g., home and school).
Through comprehensive interviews and careful observation, clinicians can:
- Develop individualized intervention plans tailored to each child’s needs.
- Combine behavioral therapy, medication management, and educational support.
- Promote holistic development and improve quality of life for children and families.
Interview with Dr Ho Nga Lei Lily, Specialist in Psychiatry
Recapitulated version from Creating a Brighter Horizon for Children with ASD “Diagnosing Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention‑Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)”
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